How to Frenzel Equalise

The Frenzel equalisation technique is essential for freedivers and scuba divers to equalise ear pressure efficiently during descent. Unlike the Valsalva maneuver, which uses chest muscles and the diaphragm to force air into the Eustachian tubes, the Frenzel method employs the tongue and throat muscles, allowing for more controlled and deeper equalisation.

Understanding the Anatomy Involved

• Glottis: A muscle group around the vocal cords that controls airflow from the lungs to the mouth.

• Soft Palate: The soft area at the back of the roof of the mouth that regulates airflow between the nasal and oral cavities.

• Eustachian Tubes: Canals connecting the middle ear to the nasal cavity, facilitating pressure equalisation.

Steps to Perform the Frenzel Maneuver

1. Pinch Your Nose: Gently pinch your nostrils shut to prevent air from escaping.

2. Close the Glottis: Seal off the airway to the lungs by closing the glottis. A practical way to sense this closure is by attempting to exhale with your mouth open; if no air escapes, the glottis is closed.

3. Position the Tongue: Place the tip of your tongue against the roof of your mouth, just behind the upper front teeth (known as the "T" position).

4. Compress Air with the Tongue: Elevate the back of your tongue toward the soft palate, effectively compressing air in the oral cavity. This action increases pressure in the nasal cavity.

5. Relax the Soft Palate: Ensure the soft palate is in a neutral position, allowing air to move freely into the nasal cavity and through the Eustachian tubes.

6. Equalise: The increased pressure should open the Eustachian tubes, allowing air to enter the middle ear and equalise pressure.

   
   

Common Challenges and Solutions

• Infrequent Equalisation: Pressure changes rapidly during descent, especially in the first 10 meters. Equalize early and often to prevent discomfort.

• Incorrect Head Position: Maintain a tucked chin to align the head with the body, reducing strain on the Eustachian tubes.

• Overexertion: Apply gentle pressure when equalising to avoid damaging the ears.

• Anatomical Variations: Some individuals may have one Eustachian tube narrower than the other, requiring more attention to equalise both ears effectively.

Practice Exercises

• Glottis Control: Practice closing the glottis by attempting to exhale with an open mouth and no air escaping.

• Soft Palate Awareness: Alternate breathing through the nose and mouth to feel the soft palate's movement.

• Tongue Placement: Practice placing your tongue in the "T" and "K" positions to become familiar with the movements.

Mastering the Frenzel technique enhances diving efficiency and comfort, allowing for deeper and longer dives with reduced risk of barotrauma. Regular practice and awareness of the involved anatomical structures are key to successful equalisation.